Petroleum refining is done to extract some very useful products from the crude oil. Many oil refineries like the Anacortes refinery (USA) and the Digboi refinery ( Upper Assam, India ) perform vital refining operations in an environment friendly manner. Oil refineries require a high end technological set up for carrying out the refinement process. Oil refining industry has played a major role in enhancing the global economy.
Profitability and safety have been the all time objectives of oil refineries after industrialization across the world. Regular advancements in technologies have led to lower rates of crude oil consumption.
According to Albert Huddleston more stress must be given to improve infrastructure and pollution control instruments to synchronize with the local and global regulations. Exploiting the advanced catalyst technology and other control measures are essential to be adopted from environmental safety concern. The FCC ( Fluid catalytic cracking ) plays a pivotal role in the profitability of a refinery.
The FCC ( Fluid catalytic cracking ) uses catalysts by circulating them between catalyst re-generator in coke burner and the reactor. Due to the presence of heavy metal compounds in the feedstock, Vanadium and Nickel compounds get deposited on the circulating catalysts. This degrades the catalytic selectivity and increases the amount of spent catalysts. These spent catalysts are removed out from the circulating units and are replaced by fresh catalyst.
Usage of metal tolerant and ultra stable catalysts is a an effective solution while using the heavier residues in the FCC. This reduces the rate of annual catalyst consumption as well as the rate of spent catalyst production. Old and original processes of refining produce many harmful gases like SO x and NO x. These gases are also produced from treatment processes occurring inside FCC on the heavier residues. Spent solid catalysts and heavy fractions that collect on the bottom of fractional distillation tower are considered among the major solid wastes. All such solid waste products from spent catalysts are dumped in the landfills. These solid wastes from spent catalysts consist of highly toxic compounds and metal contaminants that are harmful to the environment.
International environmental regulations have constrained the entire oil refining industry. Technological advancements are more focused on these regulations and have less concern on economical evaluations. More improved processing technologies has made the oil refining industrial units to reach the threshold of their numbers. This will not only proceed towards larger emissions but will also require extra manpower and machinery for increased number of refinery units.
Thus, setting up of newer refineries is not considered as a prudent idea from the economical view. Ignoring the transportation costs, oil refineries can conduct rigorous testing and R&D to increase the profits. Besides increasing the profits, these practices also exceed the environmental regulations.
According to Albert Huddleston more stress must be given to improve infrastructure and pollution control instruments to synchronize with the local and global regulations. Exploiting the advanced catalyst technology and other control measures are essential to be adopted from environmental safety concern. The FCC ( Fluid catalytic cracking ) plays a pivotal role in the profitability of a refinery.
The FCC ( Fluid catalytic cracking ) uses catalysts by circulating them between catalyst re-generator in coke burner and the reactor. Due to the presence of heavy metal compounds in the feedstock, Vanadium and Nickel compounds get deposited on the circulating catalysts. This degrades the catalytic selectivity and increases the amount of spent catalysts. These spent catalysts are removed out from the circulating units and are replaced by fresh catalyst.
Usage of metal tolerant and ultra stable catalysts is a an effective solution while using the heavier residues in the FCC. This reduces the rate of annual catalyst consumption as well as the rate of spent catalyst production. Old and original processes of refining produce many harmful gases like SO x and NO x. These gases are also produced from treatment processes occurring inside FCC on the heavier residues. Spent solid catalysts and heavy fractions that collect on the bottom of fractional distillation tower are considered among the major solid wastes. All such solid waste products from spent catalysts are dumped in the landfills. These solid wastes from spent catalysts consist of highly toxic compounds and metal contaminants that are harmful to the environment.
International environmental regulations have constrained the entire oil refining industry. Technological advancements are more focused on these regulations and have less concern on economical evaluations. More improved processing technologies has made the oil refining industrial units to reach the threshold of their numbers. This will not only proceed towards larger emissions but will also require extra manpower and machinery for increased number of refinery units.
Thus, setting up of newer refineries is not considered as a prudent idea from the economical view. Ignoring the transportation costs, oil refineries can conduct rigorous testing and R&D to increase the profits. Besides increasing the profits, these practices also exceed the environmental regulations.
